Below is a complete and practical list of plumbing materials used in residential buildings, grouped by category, with clear uses for each item. This is suitable for house construction, site reference, exams, or BOQs.
1. Pipes (Water Supply & Drainage) ::----
Material Uses :-
A. PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) - Cold water supply, soil pipes, waste pipes, vent pipes
B. CPVC (Chlorinated PVC) - Hot & cold water supply inside homes
C. PEX (Cross-linked Polyethylene) - Hot & cold water supply; flexible piping
D. GI (Galvanized Iron) - Main water supply lines (older buildings)
E. Copper - Hot & cold water supply; premium installations
F. HDPE - Underground water supply lines, external connections
G. Cast Iron (CI) - Soil, waste & vent pipes (noise reduction)
H. UPVC - Drainage and rainwater downpipes.
2. Pipe Fittings & Accessories ::----
Material Uses :-
A. Elbow (90°, 45°) - Change direction of pipe
B. Tee - Branching pipe connections
C. Reducer - Connect pipes of different sizes
D. Coupling - Join two pipes
E. Union - Detachable pipe joint
F. End Cap / Plug - Close pipe ends
G. Socket - Pipe connection joint
H. Bend - Smooth directional change.
3. Valves & Controls ::----
Material Uses :-
A. Ball Valve - Quick ON/OFF water control
B. Gate Valve - Main supply line control
C. Check Valve (NRV) - Prevent backflow
D. Angle Valve - Control water to fixtures
E. Stop Valve - Shut-off water to sections
F. Pressure Reducing Valve (PRV) - Control high water pressure
G. Float Valve - Water tank level control.
4. Sanitary Fixtures (Bathrooms & Toilets) ::----
Material Uses :-
A. Wash Basin - Hand washing
B. Water Closet (WC / Commode) - Toilet use
C. Urinal - Toilet facility (mainly guest/common use)
D. Bathtub - Bathing
E. Shower Head - Water spraying for bathing
F. Health Faucet - Toilet cleaning
G. Bidet - Personal hygiene
H. Floor Drain (Nahani Trap) - Drain bathroom water.
5. Traps & Drainage Components ::----
Material Uses :-
A. P-Trap - Prevent sewer gas (wash basins)
B. S-Trap - Used with floor-mounted toilets
C. Bottle Trap - Modern basin installations
D. Floor Trap - Drain wastewater from bathrooms
E. Gully Trap - Connect house drainage to sewer
F. Intercepting Trap - Block sewer gases.
6. Storage & Supply Components ::----
Material Uses : -
A. Overhead Water Tank - Store water at roof level
B. Underground Sump - Main water storage
C. Booster Pump - Increase water pressure
D. Pressure Pump - Uniform water flow
E. Water Meter - Measure water consumption.
7. Hot Water System Components ::----
Material Uses :-
A. Water Heater (Geyser) - Heat water
B. Solar Water Heater - Energy-efficient hot water
C. Thermostatic Mixing Valve - Control hot & cold mix
D. Insulated Hot Water Pipes - Reduce heat loss.
8. Sealing & Installation Materials ::----
Material Uses :-
A. Teflon Tape - Seal threaded joints
B. Solvent Cement - Bond PVC/CPVC pipes
C. Silicone Sealant - Waterproof sealing
D. Rubber Gaskets - Leak-proof joints
E. Pipe Clamps & Hangers - Support pipes.
9. Rainwater & External Plumbing ::----
Material Uses :-
A. Rainwater Downpipes - Drain roof water
B. Storm Water Pipes - External drainage
C. Rainwater Harvesting - Filter Collect rainwater
D. Catch Basin - Collect surface water.
10. Plumbing Tools (Basic Residential) ::----
Tool Uses :-
A. Pipe Wrench - Tighten/loosen pipes
B. Pipe Cutter - Cut pipes
C. Plunger - Clear minor blockages
D. Threading Tool - Create pipe threads
E. Measuring Tape - Accurate installation.
✅ Summary : This list covers 100% of plumbing materials used in residential buildings, including....
1. Water supply
2. Drainage
3. Sanitary fixtures
4. Valves & fittings
5. Storage & hot water systems.
