QURBANI KA HUKM, QURBAANI KI FAZEELAT, QURBANI KIN JANWAR PAR AUR JANWAR KAISE HO?
*1-Surat No 22 : سورة الحج - Ayat No 34*
وَ لِکُلِّ اُمَّۃٍ جَعَلۡنَا مَنۡسَکًا لِّیَذۡکُرُوا اسۡمَ اللّٰہِ عَلٰی مَا رَزَقَہُمۡ مِّنۡۢ بَہِیۡمَۃِ الۡاَنۡعَامِ ؕ فَاِلٰـہُکُمۡ اِلٰہٌ وَّاحِدٌ فَلَہٗۤ اَسۡلِمُوۡا ؕ وَ بَشِّرِ الۡمُخۡبِتِیۡنَ ﴿ۙ۳۴﴾
*Aur hum ney her ummat kay liye qurbani iss gharz kay liye muqarrar ki hai kay woh unn maweshiyon per Allah ka naam len jo Allah ney unhen ata farmaye hain . lehaza tumhara khuda bus aik hi khuda hai , chunacheh tum ussi ki farmanbardaari kero , aur khushkhabri suna do unn logon ko jinn kay dil Allah kay aagay jhukay huye hain*
*2-Surat No 108 : سورة الکوثر - Ayat No 2*
فَصَلِّ لِرَبِّکَ وَ انۡحَرۡ ؕ﴿۲﴾
*lehaza tum(muhammad) apney perwerdigar ( ki khushnoodi ) kay liye namaz parho , aur qurbani kero*
*3-Surat No 22 : سورة الحج - Ayat No 37*
لَنۡ یَّنَالَ اللّٰہَ لُحُوۡمُہَا وَ لَا دِمَآؤُہَا وَ لٰکِنۡ یَّنَالُہُ التَّقۡوٰی مِنۡکُمۡ ؕ کَذٰلِکَ سَخَّرَہَا لَکُمۡ لِتُکَبِّرُوا اللّٰہَ عَلٰی مَا ہَدٰىکُمۡ ؕ وَ بَشِّرِ الۡمُحۡسِنِیۡنَ ﴿۳۷﴾
*Allah ko naa unn ka gosht phonchta hai , naa unn ka khoon , lekin uss kay paas tumhara taqwa phonchta hai . uss ney yeh janwer issi tarah tumharay tabey bana diye hain , takay tum iss baat per Allah ki takbeer kero kay uss ney tumhen hidayat ata farmaee . aur jo log khush asloobi say naik amal kertay hain , unhen khushkhabri suna do*
*4-Nabi sallallaho alehi wasallam ne farmaya-Allah tumhari soorto aur tumhare amwal ki taraf nhi dekhta, lekin wo tumhare dilo aur amal ki taraf dekhta hai*
(Sahih Muslim Hadees Number 6543)
*5-Nabi sallallahu alehi wasallam ne farmaya-Jab tum zil hijja ka chand dekho aur tum me se koi sakhs qurbani ka irada rakhta ho, wo apne baal aur nakun ko na kate apne haal par rehne de*
(Sahih Muslim Hadees Number 5119)
*6-Nabi sallallaho alehi wasallam ne farmaya-Jis sakhs ko qurbani ki wus'at(taqat) ho aur wo qurbani na kre to wo hamari eid gaah ke kareeb na fatke*
(Sunnan e Ibn e Maja Hadees Number 3123)
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Qurbani ki fazeelat
Qurbani Ibrahim Alaihissalam ki Sunnat hai, Allah Taala ne ise baad waalon ke liye bhi baqi rakha, Allah ka farmaan hai:
وَتَرَكْنَا عَلَيْهِ فِي الْآخِرِينَ
*Tarjumah: Aur hum ne is (chalan) ko baad waalon ke liye baqi rakha.*
(Surah As-Saaffaat, Surah No: 37 Ayat No: 108)
Zul-Hijjah ke 10 din Allah ko behad azeez hain, in dino mein anjaam diya jaane waala har ek amal Allah ko pasand hai, un mein ek behtareen aur mehboob amal Qurbani bhi hai. Nabi ﷺ ka farmaan hai:
أَعْظَمُ الْأَيَّامِ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ يَوْمُ النَّحْرِ ثُمَّ يَوْمُ الْقُرِّ
*Tarjumah: Allah ke nazdeek sab se azeem din yaum un Nahr (Qurbani ka din) phir yaum ul Qurr (Mina mein Hajiyon ke theharne ka din) hai.*
(Sahih ul Jami’: 1064)
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*❀Qurbani ki hikmat:❀*
Qurbani ki bahut saari hikmatein hain un mein sab se ahem taqwa aur Allah ka taqarrub (qurbat) haasil karna hai, Allah Taala ka farmaan hai:
قُلْ إِنَّ صَلَاتِي وَنُسُكِي وَمَحْيَايَ وَمَمَاتِي لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ
*Tarjumah: Aap farma dijiye ke beshak meri Namaz, meri Qurbani, mera jeena aur mera marna yeh sab khalis Allah hi ke liye hai jo saare jahan ka maalik hai.*
(Surah Al-An’aam, Surah No: 6 Ayat No: 162)
Jo Qurbani is maqsad ko poora karne se qaasir ho woh Allah ke nazdeek maqbool nahi hai.
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*❀Qurbani karne waalon ke haqq mein:❀*
Jo Qurbani ka iradah kare woh 1 Zul-Hijjah se Qurbani ka janwar zabah hone tak apne baal aur naakhun na kaate. Nabi ﷺ ka farmaan hai:
إِذَا رَأَيْتُمْ هِلَالَ ذِي الْحِجَّةِ، وَأَرَادَ أَحَدُكُمْ أَنْ يُضَحِّيَ فَلْيُمْسِكْ عَنْ شَعَرِهِ، وَأَظْفَارِهِ
*Tarjumah: Jab tum Zil-Hijjah ka chaand dekh lo aur tum mein se koyi shakhs Qurbani karne ka irada rakhta ho to woh apne baalon aur nakhuno ko (na kaate) apne haal par rehne de.*
(Sahih Muslim: 1977)
Jo log Qurbani karne ki taaqat na rakhen agar woh bhi baal aur nakhun ki pabandi karen (yani na kaaten) to Allah ke hukm se Qurbani ka ajr paayenge.
Nasai, Abu Dawood, Ibn e Hibban, Daraqutni, Baihaqi aur Hakim samet kayi kutub e Hadees mein yeh Hadees maujood hai. Abdullah bin Amr bin Al-’Aas Radhiallahu Anhuma bayan karte hain ke Nabi ﷺ ne farmaya:
مِرْتُ بِيَوْمِ الْأَضْحَى عِيدًا، جَعَلَهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لِهَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ. قَالَ الرَّجُلُ : أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ لَمْ أَجِدْ إِلَّا مَنِيحَةً أُنْثَى، أَفَأُضَحِّي بِهَا ؟ قَالَ : لَا، وَلَكِنْ تَأْخُذُ مِنْ شَعْرِكَ وَأَظْفَارِكَ، وَتَقُصُّ شَارِبَكَ، وَتَحْلِقُ عَانَتَكَ، فَتِلْكَ تَمَامُ أُضْحِيَّتِكَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ
*Tarjumah: Mujhe Azha ke din ke mutalliq hukm diya gaya hai ke use ba-taur e Eid manaun jise Allah Taala ne is ummat ke liye muqarrar kiya hai. Ek aadmi ne kaha: Bataiye ke agar mujhe doodh ke janwar ke siwa koyi janwar na mile to kya main us ki Qurbani kar dun? Aap ﷺ ne farmaya: Nahi, balki apne baal kaat lo naakhun aur moonchhen tarash lo aur zer e naaf (naaf ke neeche) ki safaayi kar lo. Allah Taala ke haan tumhaari yahi kaamil Qurbani hogi.*
(Abu Dawood: 2789)
Is Hadees ko Shaikh Albani Rahimahullah ne ek rawi Esa bin Hilal Sadafi ki wajah se za’eef kaha hai magar doosre Muhaddiseen se un ki tauseeq bhi saabit hai.
Baal aur nakhun ki pabandi se mutalliq ek baat yeh jaan len ke yeh pabandi sirf Qurbani karne waalon ki taraf se hai ghar ke doosre log mustasna hain (yani woh is hukm mein shamil nahi) lekin sabhi pabandi karna chahein to achchi baat hai. Doosri baat yeh hai ke woh aadmi jis ne ghaflat mein 40 dino se baal aur nakhun nahi kaata tha aur us ko Qurbani deni hai is haal mein ke Zul-Hijjah ka chaand bhi nikal aaya hai aisa shakhs waqayi bohat bada ghaafil hai, agar baal aur nakhun takleef ki hadd tak badh gaye hon to use khatm kar le (kaat le), Allah mu’aaf karne waala hai warna chhod de.
Qurbani dene waale ne bhool kar apna baal ya naakhun kaat liya to us par koyi gunah nahi lekin jis ne jaan boojh kar baal ya naakhun kaata hai us par tauba lazim hai.
Qurbani Kin Janwar Par Aur Janwar Kaise Ho?
*1-Janwar kaun sa ho?*
*(bhed me Mard aur mada,Bakron me mard aur mada,Oont me mard aur mada,Gaye me mard aur mada)*
*(Quran)-Maweshiyon kay kul aath jooray Allah ney peda kiye hain , do sinfen ( nar aur mada ) bheron ki nasal say aur do bakron ki nasal say . zara unn say poocho kay : kiya dono naron ko Allah ney haram kiya hai , ya dono mada ko-? ya her uss bacchay ko jo dono naslon ki mada kay pet mein mojood ho-? agar tum sachay ho to kissi ilmi buniyad per mujhay jawab do !*
*aur issi tarah oonton ki bhi do sinfen ( nar aur mada Allah ney ) peda ki hain , aur gaye ki bhi do sinfen . inn say kaho kay : kiya dono naron ko Allah ney haram kiya hai , ya dono mada ko-? ya her uss bacchay ko jo dono naslon ki mada kay pet mein mojood ho-? kiya tum uss waqt khud hazir thay jab Allah ney tumhen iss ka hukum diya tha-? ( agar nahi , aur yaqeenan nahi ) to phir uss shaks say barh ker zalim kon hoga jo Allah per iss liye jhoot baandhay takay kissi ilmi buniyad kay baghair logon ko gumrah ker-sakay-? haqeeqat yeh hai kay Allah zalim logon ko hidayat tak nahi phonchata*
(Surat No 6 : سورة الأنعام - Ayat No 143-144)
*Aur qurbani kay oont aur gaye ko hum ney tumharay liye Allah kay shaaeer mein shamil kiya hai , tumharay liye unn mein bhalai hai . chunacheh jab woh aik qatar mein kharray hon , unn per Allah ka naam lo , phir jab ( zibah hoker ) unn kay pehlo zameen per gir-jayen to unn ( kay gosht ) mein say khud bhi khao , aur unn mohtajon ko bhi khilao jo sabar say bethay hon , aur unn ko bhi jo apni hajat zahir keren . Aur unn janweron ko hum ney issi tarah tumharay tabey bana diya hai takay tum shukar guzaar bano*
(Surat No 22 : سورة الحج - Ayat No 36)
*Har Nukile danth wale darinde ka gost haram hai(Jo Janwar gost khate hai)*
(Sahih Ibne Hibban 5278)
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*2-Halal kamai ka janwan ho*
*Momin ka gumshuda janwar le lena jahannum me jana hai*
(Al Mouzul kabeer tabrani 2070)
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*3-Janwar me kaun see kami nahi honi chahiye?*
*Al-Bara' ibn Azib Radi Allahu Anhu se rivayat hai ki Rasoollallah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam ne farmaya Qurbani ke liye chaar tarah ke jaanwar durast nahi hai*
*1. Wo jiska kaanapan ya bhaingapan bilkul zahir ho,*
*2. dusra wo jo dekhney se hi beemar lagta ho,*
*3. teesra wo jiska langdapan bilkul zahir ho,*
*4. aur chotha wo jo budha aur bilkul kamjor ho jiski haddiyon mein Gooda na ho*
(Sunan Abu Dawud hadees 2802, Sunan Trimizi hadees -1497, Ibne Maja hadees -3144, Sunan Nisai hadees-4376)
Is Hadees se maloom hota hai ke Qurbani ka janwar qawi aur sehatmand ho. Khassi, gaabhin aur doodh dene waale janwar ki Qurbani jaaiz hai. Janwar khareedne ke baad us mein aib paida ho jaaye masalan taang ya seeng ya daant ya haddi toot jaaye, kaan kat jaaye, bemaar ho jaaye to us ki Qurbani ki jaa sakti hai kiunki yeh honi hai use koi taal nahi sakta us haal mein aadmi ma’zoor hai lekin agar koyi dobarah khareedne ki taaqat rakhta ho aur Hadees mein mazkoor chaar aibon mein se koyi aib khareedne ke baad paida ho jaaye to dobarah khareed le. Qurbani ke liye mutayyan janwar bechna, hadiya karna ya girwi rakhna jaaiz nahi hai aur na hi use baarbardari (samaan laane le jaane) ke liye istemaal karna jaaiz hai.
Qurbani ka janwar masnah (daanta) hona chaahiye, masnah kehte hain aisa janwar jis ke doodh ke agle do daant toot kar nikal aaye hon.
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*4-Aankh Aur Kaan ka sahi hona*
*Hazrat Ali raziyallahu anhu ne kaha ke -Rasulullah (ﷺ) ne hame hukum diya ke (Qurbani ke jaanwar) ki aañkh aur kaan gaur se deykh len (kya wo sahih hai ya nahi) -*
(Sunan Ibn Majah hadees 3143)
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*5-Seengh Aur Kaan Ka kata Na hona*
*Aur mein unhen raah-e-raast say bhatka ker rahun ga , aur unhen khoob aarzooyen dilaon ga , aur unhen hukum dun ga to woh chopayo kay kaan cheer daalen gay , aur unhen hukum dun ga to woh Allah ki takhleeq mein tabdeeli peda keren gay . aur jo shaks Allah kay bajaye shetan ko dost banaye iss ney khulay khulay khasaray ka soda kiya*
(Surat No 4 : سورة النساء - Ayat No 119)
*Nabi sallallaho alehi wasallam ne "Azabiya" (Yani seengh toothe, kaan kate janwano ki qurbani se mana kiya hai*
(Sunnan e Abu Dawood 2805, Sunan Nisai-4382,
Sunan Ibne maja-3145,Sunan Trimizi-1504)
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*6-Janwar ke do daant ya do saal ka hona*
*Nabi salllallahu alehi wasallam ne farmaya-"sirf musanna(do daant ya 2 saal ka ) janwan ki qurbani karo*
*Ha agar tumhe Duswaar ho to ek saal dumba ya mendha zabah kar do*
(Sahih Muslim 5082,sunan Ibne maja 3141)
*Ukba bin aamir razi ko nabi ne kuch bakriya di,ki ise sahaba me me takseem kar de, Aakhir me ek 'Zajaa'(ek sala baccha bacha), unhone nabi se kaha to aap ne farmaya-Tum iski qurbani karlo*
(Sunan Nisai 4384, Sunan Ibne maja 1338, Sunan Trimizi 1500)
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*7-Khassi janwar ka hona*
*Nabi salllallahu alehi wasallam jab qurbani ka irada farmate to do bade mote seengh daar, chitkabre, khassi kiye hue mende kharidte isme se ek apni ummat ke un logo ki taraf se zabah farmate jo tauheed aur risalat ki gawahi dete hai aur doosra muhammad aur aale muhammad ki taraf me zabah farmate*
(Sunnan e Ibn e Maja 3122)
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*8-Gaye Oont me 7 log shamil ho skte hai Qurbani ke liye?*
*Nabi ne aakhiri haj me aale muhammad(nabi ke ghar) ki taraf se ek gaye ki qurbani ki*
(Sunan ibne maja 3135, Sunan abu daud 1750)
*Jabir ibn Abdullah Radi Allahu Anhu se rivayat hai ki Hudaybiyyah waley saal mein humne Rasoollallah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam ke saath milkar 7 aadmiyon ki taraf se ek oont (camel) ki qurbani ki*
*"Aur 7 Aadmiyon ki tataf se ek gaay (cow) ki Qurabani ki*
(Sahih Muslim- 3185)
Bade janwar gaaye, bail aur oont mein saat log ya saat gharaanon ke log ek ek hissa le kar shareek ho sakte hain. Jabir bin Abdullah Radhiallahu Anhu kehte hain:
اشْتَرَكْنَا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي الْحَجِّ، وَالْعُمْرَةِ؛ كُلُّ سَبْعَةٍ فِي بَدَنَةٍ، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ لِجَابِرٍ : أَيُشْتَرَكُ فِي الْبَدَنَةِ مَا يُشْتَرَكُ فِي الْجَزُورِ؟ قَالَ : مَا هِيَ إِلَّا مِنَ الْبُدْنِ
*Tarjumah: Hum Rasoolullah ﷺ ke saath Hajj o Umrah mein saat (7) aadmi ek Qurbani mein shareek huwe to ek aadmi ne Hazrat Jabir Radhiallahu Anhu se poocha kya ehraam ke waqt se saath laye gaye Qurbani ke janwaron mein bhi is tarah shirakat ki jaa sakti hai jaise baad mein khareede gaye janwaron mein shirakat ho sakti hai? Unhon ne jawab diya: Woh bhi saath laye gaye Qurbani ke janwaron hi ki tarah hain.*
(Sahih Muslim: 1318)
Jahan tak mendha, bakra aur bakri ka masla hai to yeh ek ghar ke poore afraad ke liye kaafi hai jaisa ke upar zikr kiya gaya hai lekin is mein doosre ghar waale ki taraf se shirakat nahi hogi.
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*9-❀Ek janwar poore gharaane ki taraf se kaafi:❀*
Qurbani ka ek janwar chaahe bakra/bakri hi kiun na ho ek gharaane ke poore afraad (logon) ki taraf se kaafi hai. Ek gharaane ka matlab yeh hai ke ghar ke poore afraad Qurbani karne waale ke saath hi rehte hon aur Qurbani dene waala un sab ke kharch ka zimmedaar ho neez woh saare rishtedaar hon. Jis ka chulha alag ho woh alag Qurbani karega.
*Ata bin Yasar kehte hain ke main ne Abu Ayyub Ansari Radhiallahu Anhu se poocha:*
كَيْفَ كَانَتِ الضَّحَايَا عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ؟ فَقَالَ : كَانَ الرَّجُلُ يُضَحِّي بِالشَّاةِ عَنْهُ، وَعَنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ، فَيَأْكُلُونَ، وَيُطْعِمُونَ، حَتَّى تَبَاهَى النَّاسُ، فَصَارَتْ كَمَا تَرَى
*Tarjumah: Rasoolullah ﷺ ke zamaane mein Qurbaniyan kaise hoti thien? Unhon ne kaha: Ek aadmi apni aur apne ghar waalon ki taraf se ek bakri Qurbani karta tha, woh log khud khaate the aur doosron ko khilaate the yahan tak ke log (kasrat e Qurbani par) fakhr karne lage, aur ab yeh soorat e haal ho gayi jo dekh rahe ho.*
(Tirmizi: 1505)
❗Allama Albani Rahimahullah ne is Hadees ko Sahih kaha hai.
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*10-❀Bhains ki Qurbani ka hukm:❀*
Qurbani ke jaanwar ke mutalliq Allah Taala ka farmaan hai:
ثَمَانِيَةَ أَزْوَاجٍ ۖ مِنَ الضَّأْنِ اثْنَيْنِ وَمِنَ الْمَعْزِ اثْنَيْنِ ۗ قُلْ آلذَّكَرَيْنِ حَرَّمَ أَمِ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ أَمَّا اشْتَمَلَتْ عَلَيْهِ أَرْحَامُ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ ۖ نَبِّئُونِي بِعِلْمٍ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صَادِقِينَ¤ وَمِنَ الْإِبِلِ اثْنَيْنِ وَمِنَ الْبَقَرِ اثْنَيْنِ
*Tarjumah: (Paida kiye) aath (8) nar o maada yani bhed (sheep) mein do qism aur bakri mein do qism Aap kahiye ki kya Allah ne in dono naron ko haram kiya hai ya dono maada ko? Ya us ko jis ko dono maada pet mein liye huwe hon? Tum mujh ko kisi daleel se to bataao agar sachche ho. Aur oont mein do qism aur gaye mein do qism…..*
(Surah Al-An’aam, Surah No: 6 Ayat No: 143 and 144)
Allah Taala ne naam le kar aath (8) qism ke Qurbani ke janwar ki ta’een kar di jabki khaaye jaane waale janwar be-shumaar hain. Aath (8) qism: Do qism Bakri nar o maada, do qism Bhed (sheep) nar o maada, do qism oont nar o maada aur do qism gaaye nar o maada. Goya in aath (8) qismon mein Qurbani ke liye naven (9th) kisi janwar ko shaamil nahi kiya jaayega. In qismon mein bhains ka zikr nahi hai. Kaha yeh jaata hai ke Arab mein us waqt bhains famous nahi thi aur yeh gaaye ki jins se hai. Is ka hukm wahi hai jo gaaye ka hai chaahe Zakat ke liye ho, Qurbani ke liye ho ya goosht khaane aur doodh peene ke taur par ho. Yeh baat sahih hai ke bhains Arab mein muta’araf (introduced) nahi thi magar bhains duniya mein maujood thi, Allah us ka khaaliq hai woh koyi baat bhoolta nahi. Agar chaahta to Qurbani ke janwar ki fehrist (list) mein use bhi zikr kar sakta tha.
Khulasa ke taur par mera yeh kehna hai ke bhains halal janwar hai, us ko Qurbani ke masle mein jhagde ki wajah na banaayi jaaye, seedhi si baat hai agar hamaare yahan Quran mein mazkoor aath (8) qismon mein se kisi qism ka janwar paaya jaata hai to uski Qurbani karen jis mein koyi shak nahi aur na ikhtilaaf hai albatta kayi ahl e ilm ne bhains ko gaaye ki jins se maana hai aur is bunyaad par uski Qurbani ko jaaiz thehraya hai. Arab ke ulama bhi bhains ki Qurbani ko jaaiz kehte hain. Is liye kisi ka dil is par satisfied ho to us par kisi qism ka force na kiya jaaye.
