kmiainfo: Anniversary of the fall of Granada How was the forced Christianization practiced on the Muslims of Andalusia? Anniversary of the fall of Granada How was the forced Christianization practiced on the Muslims of Andalusia?

Anniversary of the fall of Granada How was the forced Christianization practiced on the Muslims of Andalusia?

Anniversary of the fall of Granada How was the forced Christianization practiced on the Muslims of Andalusia? The end of each year coincides with the anniversary of the fall of Granada, the last Muslim stronghold in Andalusia, after which an arduous journey of religious persecution was imposed on the Muslims who decided to stay in their homeland. With the advent of the summer of 1491, the compact military tents and the banners studded with crosses on them became visible to any beholder from above the wall of Granada. And the campaign that year was not the same as the previous decade. They attack in the spring and break up their compound in the winter. Granada is now besieged, and the armies of Ferdinand and Isabella sweep the suburbs to plunder and ravage crops in order to starve them. The fall of that year passed like this, and there was a long, black winter. Historians mention that the Granadans starved to eat donkeys and dogs. With the end of December approaching, the city's nobles began negotiating with the two Christian kings, until the result came: Granada in exchange for five days as a deadline to evacuate it. On New Year's Eve 1492, the city gate was secretly opened, and the Spanish armies entered the Alhambra in preparation for its surrender, and its inhabitants woke up to the Castilian banners over the towers and a huge silver cross atop the palace. This was the end of eight centuries of Islamic presence in Andalusia, after Prince Abi Abdullah (who was later mocked and despised by the Spaniards as “the Younger”) handed over the keys to the last Muslim strongholds in that country in exchange for saving his money and property, while the Muslims who remained were given the option of converting, torture and extermination. . Forced Christianization According to historical estimates, the Muslims who remained in Andalusia after its fall were between 500,000 and 600,000 people. They were granted the status of "modicaris", or domesticated in Arabic, meaning that they were allowed to practice their religion freely, despite the racist discourse inherited from the "reconquista" campaigns against it, as they were considered heretics and inferior to Christians. But that freedom was nothing but a declared agreement that the Spaniards soon did not respect with all the Muslim emirates that they had overthrown. In 1481, Ferdinand II of Castile established the ecclesiastical militia called the “Inquisition” and entrusted them with the task of persecuting Muslims. After the fall of Granada, the Archbishop of Toledo, Cardinal Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros, began a campaign in the city to impose the adherence of its people to the Christian faith, through torture and imprisonment, which would ignite the “Annunciation” revolution (1499–1501) led by the Muslim Moriscos in rejection of that reality, and then revolutions Other miscellaneous. What the Spaniards used as a pretext to abolish the fictitious rights they were giving to Muslims, and would force them to either convert to Christianity or be expelled. While Muslims chose piety, they were forced to hold on to their land, that is, to conceal their Islam and delude the Spaniards that they had converted to Christianity. At this time, the Inquisition will know the height of its persecution, and will persecute and torture these Moriscos, until they were expelled to Morocco in 1609, and only 40,000 people remained. The scourge of the Inquisition According to historical documents, the first Inquisition arose in 1478, after the King of Aragon, Ferdinand II, asked Father Sixtus IV, Pope of the Catholic Church in Rome, to form ecclesiastical forces to undertake the task of searching for Jews and Muslims who had converted to Christianity only pious, and torturing them until confession and then killing them. The Inquisition was chasing Muslim families and taking them to torture catacombs, where they used brutal machines such as the "coffin of the beautiful lady", which is a coffin in which sharp knives are attached to the person who is being tortured, and then they close the door with his knives and daggers until his body is torn. Or the "Spanish bull", a hollow copper bull, in which the victim was inserted and a fire was lit under it, so that the copper would become inflamed and steam would escape from the snout of the object, and that person would be roasted alive. In addition to the hooks that were inserted into the tongues and breasts of the torturers, and then tightened until those parts were pulled out along with them. Or the barbed iron whips with which torturers were beaten naked until their bones crumbled and their flesh was scattered. The role of these courts was not only religious, but also political in order to serve the interests of the Spanish kings who were afraid of the Moorish revolutions, as they feared a new conquest of Andalusia with the support of the Moroccans and the Ottomans. Even the scourge of the Inquisition affected the Moors who immigrated to South America when Christopher Columbus discovered it.

Anniversary of the fall of Granada How was the forced Christianization practiced on the Muslims of Andalusia?

The end of each year coincides with the anniversary of the fall of Granada, the last Muslim stronghold in Andalusia, after which an arduous journey of religious persecution was imposed on the Muslims who decided to stay in their homeland.

With the advent of the summer of 1491, the compact military tents and the banners studded with crosses on them became visible to any beholder from above the wall of Granada. And the campaign that year was not the same as the previous decade. They attack in the spring and break up their compound in the winter. Granada is now besieged, and the armies of Ferdinand and Isabella sweep the suburbs to plunder and ravage crops in order to starve them.

The fall of that year passed like this, and there was a long, black winter. Historians mention that the Granadans starved to eat donkeys and dogs. With the end of December approaching, the city's nobles began negotiating with the two Christian kings, until the result came: Granada in exchange for five days as a deadline to evacuate it.

On New Year's Eve 1492, the city gate was secretly opened, and the Spanish armies entered the Alhambra in preparation for its surrender, and its inhabitants woke up to the Castilian banners over the towers and a huge silver cross atop the palace.

This was the end of eight centuries of Islamic presence in Andalusia, after Prince Abi Abdullah (who was later mocked and despised by the Spaniards as “the Younger”) handed over the keys to the last Muslim strongholds in that country in exchange for saving his money and property, while the Muslims who remained were given the option of converting, torture and extermination. .

Forced Christianization

According to historical estimates, the Muslims who remained in Andalusia after its fall were between 500,000 and 600,000 people. They were granted the status of "modicaris", or domesticated in Arabic, meaning that they were allowed to practice their religion freely, despite the racist discourse inherited from the "reconquista" campaigns against it, as they were considered heretics and inferior to Christians.

But that freedom was nothing but a declared agreement that the Spaniards soon did not respect with all the Muslim emirates that they had overthrown. In 1481, Ferdinand II of Castile established the ecclesiastical militia called the “Inquisition” and entrusted them with the task of persecuting Muslims.

After the fall of Granada, the Archbishop of Toledo, Cardinal Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros, began a campaign in the city to impose the adherence of its people to the Christian faith, through torture and imprisonment, which would ignite the “Annunciation” revolution (1499–1501) led by the Muslim Moriscos in rejection of that reality, and then revolutions Other miscellaneous.

What the Spaniards used as a pretext to abolish the fictitious rights they were giving to Muslims, and would force them to either convert to Christianity or be expelled. While Muslims chose piety, they were forced to hold on to their land, that is, to conceal their Islam and delude the Spaniards that they had converted to Christianity. At this time, the Inquisition will know the height of its persecution, and will persecute and torture these Moriscos, until they were expelled to Morocco in 1609, and only 40,000 people remained.

The scourge of the Inquisition

According to historical documents, the first Inquisition arose in 1478, after the King of Aragon, Ferdinand II, asked Father Sixtus IV, Pope of the Catholic Church in Rome, to form ecclesiastical forces to undertake the task of searching for Jews and Muslims who had converted to Christianity only pious, and torturing them until confession and then killing them.

The Inquisition was chasing Muslim families and taking them to torture catacombs, where they used brutal machines such as the "coffin of the beautiful lady", which is a coffin in which sharp knives are attached to the person who is being tortured, and then they close the door with his knives and daggers until his body is torn.

Or the "Spanish bull", a hollow copper bull, in which the victim was inserted and a fire was lit under it, so that the copper would become inflamed and steam would escape from the snout of the object, and that person would be roasted alive. In addition to the hooks that were inserted into the tongues and breasts of the torturers, and then tightened until those parts were pulled out along with them. Or the barbed iron whips with which torturers were beaten naked until their bones crumbled and their flesh was scattered.

The role of these courts was not only religious, but also political in order to serve the interests of the Spanish kings who were afraid of the Moorish revolutions, as they feared a new conquest of Andalusia with the support of the Moroccans and the Ottomans. Even the scourge of the Inquisition affected the Moors who immigrated to South America when Christopher Columbus discovered it.

Tags:

Post a Comment

Previous Post Next Post