Kabul

Area

 • City 275 km 2 (106 square miles)

 Metro 425 km 2 (164 square miles)

Altitude 1,791 miles (5,876 feet)

Population (2012)

 •  Metro 3,289,000

 •  Name population Cable

Kabul, Afghanistan 's capital the big city with a population of over 10 million. Situated in a narrow valley along the Kabul River , the city is an economic and cultural center. Kabul through a long road in Ghazni , Kandahar , Herat and Mazar-e-Sharif, Afghanistan is linked. This is Pakistan in the southeast and Tajikistan in the northIs also connected by highway. It is 18,000 meters (5,900 feet) above sea level. These include Pashtuns, Tajiks, Uzbeks, Hazaras and others. After decades of war, civil war and destruction, Kabul is undergoing reconstruction.

History 

The first reference to Kabul in history dates back to 1200 BC to the city of Kobha, which was the site of present-day Kabul. In the first century BC, the city came under the control of the Morias. In the first century AD, Kushan and later Hindus became its rulers. In 664, the Arabs conquered Kabul and incorporated it into the Islamic government. For the next 600 years, the city was ruled by Samani , Hindu Shahi, Ghaznavid , Ghauri and Timurid rulers.

In 674, when the Islamic conquests reached Khurasan, an independent state called Kabul Shahan was established in Kabulistan. They built a defensive wall around the city to ward off Arab attacks. Today, the wall is considered an ancient monument to the city, but much of it has been destroyed. The savage Mongols passed through here in the 13th century . Zaheer-ud-Din Babar captured Kabul in 1504 It became the capital and later remained under the Mughal rulers till 1738 .

Nadir Shah , ruler of Persia, captured Kabul in 1738, but after his death in 1747, Ahmad Shah Durrani ascended the throne and expanded the Afghan empire by declaring a Pashtun government. In 1772, his son Timur Shah Durrani made Kabul his capital. He died in 1793 and Zaman Shah Durrani ascended the throne.

In 1826 Dost Mohammad rule dauydarbna but British forces in 1839 seized Kabul krlyaaur Shah Shuja faced great casualties on the British forces in the local "rebellion" in the 1841's to create puppet government losses and Jalalabad in 16 hzarbrtanuy He stabbed the soldiers. In 1842, the British retaliated by avenging the massacre, but escaped by damaging the siege. After that the crown was given to Dost Muhammad.

The British tried again in 1878 when the city was ruled by Sher Ali Khan . After the massacre of civilians in 1879, British forces led by General Roberts again reached Kabul and fled after damaging the siege.

Shah Amanullah Khan came to power in the early 20th century . Her accomplishments include providing electricity to the city and providing education for girls. They live in the city's famous Darulaman Palace. In the famous Third Afghan War in 1919, Amanullah declared Afghanistan's independence from foreign interference in the Eid Gah Mosque. After the assassination of Nadir Shah in 1933, his brother Zahir Shah came to power. He was only 18 at the time.

Kabul University opened for classes in the early 1930s and began to emerge as an industrial hub in the 1940s. Roads were laid in the city in the 1950s.

The city expanded in the 1960's, and the first Central Asia Marks & Sponsor store opened here. The Kabul Zoo opened in 1967.

After the Soviet invasion, Kabul was captured by the Red Army on December 23, 1979, and remained the command center of the Soviet Union for the next 10 years between the Mujahideen and the Soviet forces. The Afghan embassy in Kabul was closed on January 30, 1989. With the fall of Muhammad Najibullah 's pro-communist government in 1992, the city ​​came to the mercy of local militias. The city suffered heavy losses as a result of the civil war.

Tourism 

The city's cultural centers include the Afghan National Museum, Babar 's Shrine, Nadir Shah 's Shrine, Istiqlal Minar, built in 1919 after the Third Afghan War, Timur Shah 's Shrine and the Eid Gah Mosque, established in 1893. Fort Bala Hissar , destroyed during the British invasion in 1879, has now been converted into a military college.

Other interesting places include Kabul city center where Afghanistan's first shopping mall is located, Wazir Akbar Khan 's area, Kabul Zoo, Babar Bagh , Shah Do Shamshira and other famous mosques, Afghan National Gallery, Afghan National Archive, Afan Shahi The family cemetery, Bibi Mehro Pahari, Kabul Christian Cemetery and Paghman Bagh are other interesting places.

Tappe Marjan is a nearby hill where Buddha statues and two BC coins have been recovered. To the north and east of the city are the valleys of Paghman and Dzhalal-Abad.

Transportation 

Kabul International Airport connects the city to the rest of the world. Kabul's official buses are called Milli buses, which transport passengers across the city. At present, about 200 buses are running on the roads under the management of Milli Bus while this system is developing rapidly. Plans to introduce modern electric buses are also under consideration. In addition to these buses, yellow taxis are also an important part of the city's transportation.

Education 

Universities of Kabul

American University of Afghanistan

Kabul University

Kabul Institute of Medicine

Kabul Polytechnic

Kabul International School

Urban structure 

Kabul Business Center

In October 2005, 13 licensed banks in Kabul, including the Netherlands and the NGO Bank-administered Afghanistan International Bank , Standard Chartered Bank , Kabul Bank , Punjab National Bank and Pakistan 's Habib Bank are also included.

A 4 star building has been set up on the top 6 floors with a modern shopping mall in a high-rise building in the city center in 2005. The 5-star Serena Hotel opened in 2005. Another 5 star hotel Hyatt Regency is under construction which will be completed in 2007. The Intercontinental Hotel has also been renovated.