Herat
Altitude 920 miles (3,020 feet)
Population (2006)
Total 397,456
Herat, western Afghanistan 's Herat province, the city is in central Afghanistan Turkmenistan 's kara-kum is located in the north of the river Hari Rud towards the desert.
It is the third largest city in Afghanistan with a population of 249,000 according to 2002 estimates.
Herat is an ancient city with many historic buildings still standing, although the city has been badly damaged by decades of civil war and foreign aggression. Herat is located on the ancient and historic trade route between India , China , the Middle East and Europe . Roads from Herat to Iran , Turkmenistan , Mazar-e-Sharif and Kandahar are still important in terms of location.
Jamia Masjid, Herat
Herat Khorasan is one of the most important cities of Khorasan and is called the diamond.
The city remained part of the Abbasid Caliphate and later the kingdom of Al-Tahir . It was ruled by the Ghaznavids until 1040, when it joined the Seljuk Empire . It was conquered by the Ghurids in 1175 and then became part of the Khwarizm Empire .
Genghis Khan invaded the city in 1221 and destroyed it.
In 1381, the city fell to the wrath of Amir Timur , but his son Shah Rukh Timur rebuilt it and Herat became an important center of the Timurid Empire . In the late 15th century, Queen Gohar Shad built a mosque complex. The Queen's Shrine is considered to be the finest example of Timurid architecture.
In the same century, the Qara Qoyunlu rulers once made Herat their capital. In 1506 the Uzbeks and a few years later Shah Ismail Safavi conquered the city and made it part of the Safavid Empire .
AD 1718 to 1863, numerous wars were fought during which Ahmad Shah Durrani, who in 1750 was acquired by the city after the siege and bloodshed nearly a year. In 1838, the city was severely damaged by the Persian siege, and in 1852 and 1856, the city was captured twice by the Persians. In 1863, Dost Muhammad Khan acquired it and made it part of Afghanistan.
In 1885, British forces inflicted heavy damage on the Mosul complex.
During the struggle against Soviet aggression, 350 Russians already in the city were killed in 1979, when the Russians bombed Herat, killing thousands.
The city fell to the Taliban in 1995 and was occupied by the Northern Alliance on November 12, 2001, following the US invasion of Afghanistan .
Today, the city has a large number of international troops.
Kandahar
Geographical features
Proportional 31 ° 36′28 ″ N 65 ° 42′19 ″ E
Area 800 sq km
Altitude 1010 meters
Population
Total population 491500 (2012)
Kandahar, southern Afghanistan , a city of Kandahar province 's capital is. Located on the banks of the Arghandab River , the city has a population of 316,000. It is the second largest city in Afghanistan and an important commercial center. The city is connected to the rest of the world by a wide network of international airports and highways . It is the largest center of the Pashtun people after Peshawar . In the west of Herat , east of Ghazni , and Kabul and south of Quetta via highway's connected Ahmed Shah Abdali in the shawl coat Quetta, a Kandahar district was. It is one of the oldest cities caltural in the world top rank's.
History
Kandahar Province has the largest population of Durrani tribes. The Achaemenid deer is said to be synonymous with Haranwati, the ancient Arachsia, and the Mediterranean lands of Davar and Zabul. It includes the valleys of the Helmand River, Tarnak, Aghandab and Arghan. Kandahar The present city of Kandahar is named after this province. Which has replaced the ancient cities of Gereshk, Bast and Al-Rakhj. (Kandahar, Ma'arif-e-Islamia) Alexander snatched this area from the Achaemenid dynasty, then Saluki inherited it. But they were soon chased away by the Sahtis. When the Parthians subjugated the Sahtis, this area also became their tax collector. But the area was soon taken over by the Kushan family. This area was acquired by Ardeshir I from the Kushan government and came under the control of the Sassanids. But this area was occupied by the Huns by the 4th century AD and the Zabuli branch of the Huns ruled here. The Turks snatched the government from them and the Turks spread here. Arabs At the time of the invasion of Kashmir, there were Brahmanical rulers and their headquarters was in Bast. The first clash of the Islamic army took place in the Arghandab Valley (24 AH / 644 AH) in which Ratnabal was killed and for the next two centuries the Arabs continued to invade the area, although they did not occupy the area. In 258 AH / 871 AH, Yaqub ibn Laith captured this area and made it a part of the Islamic State.
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